The capital of the largest province of the same name in Eastern Anatolia is 880 km east of Ankara at an altitude of more than 1,700 m above sea level. The name of the city came from the Persian arz and rum, which means "the border of Rome". Through Erzurum, there is a railroad from Anatolia to Iran, built along the path of a trade caravan route, which was laid here in antiquity.
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How to get here
By plane - Erzurum Airport is 12 km from the city center to the north-west. It arrives flights from the following Turkish cities: Istanbul, Ankara, Adana, Antalya, Izmir, Trabzon.
By train from Ankara, Istanbul, Sivas, Kars and Kayseri.
It takes 13 hours by bus from Ankara, 19 hours from Istanbul, and 6 from Trabzon.
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A bit of history
Erzurum came under the control of the Ottoman Empire in 1515, and until then the right to possess the ancient Armenian city of Karin was disputed by Byzantines, Arabs, Armenians, Seljuks; The city was renamed Karano, Kalikalo, Feodosiopolis, and then to Arz-al-Rum. In 1829 the Russian army entered the city, later it would happen twice more - in 1878 and 1916. Participant of that first campaign was A.S. Pushkin, who subsequently wrote "Journey to Arzrum during the campaign of 1829."
In the modern history of Turkey Erzurum is known as the venue for the congress in 1923 with the participation of Kemal Ataturk, at which the doctrine of national borders was adopted, which determined the territories now belonging to the Turkish Republic.
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The climate of Erzurum
| Average monthly temperature, ° C | ||||||||||||
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | sen | Oct | but I | Dec | |
| in the afternoon | -6 | -4 | +1@@ | +10 | +15 | +20 | +25 | +26 | +22 | +14 | +15 | -2 |
| at night | -16 | -15 | -7 | +0 | +3 | +6 | +10 | +9 | +4 | +0 | -5 | -eleven |
The climate is continental with large fluctuations in daily temperature. Erzurum, located high above sea level, is one of the coldest cities in Turkey.
Clear +3 ° С a day -4 ° C at night ° С water |
Overcast, light rain +4 ° C in the afternoon -5 ° C at night ° С water |
Partly cloudy, light rain +3 ° С a day -6 ° C at night ° С water |
| Erzurum weather forecast for 10 days | ||
Entertainment, excursions and attractions of Erzurum
Fortress
Stunning views of the city and the surrounding area opens from the walls of the city citadel. The inner fortress was built at the beginning of the 5th century at an altitude of almost 2000 m above sea level. In the fortress a small mosque of the 12th century with a conical roof and a clock tower-minaret (the beginning of the XII century), the clock for which was presented by Queen Victoria, was preserved.
Minaret of the madrasah
In Erzurum is one of the largest educational institutions in Anatolia - the Minaret Ministry of Minarels Madrasah (XIII century). By its name, the madrassah is obliged to two twin minarets (a cipher in the first from the Turkish "twins"). On the territory of the spiritual school there was a place for a small mosque, rooms for students and a mausoleum, which probably belonged to the daughter of Sultan Keykubad I.
Ulu mosque
The central street of Erzurum is Jumhuriyet - it is home to most of the city's attractions, including the Lala Mustafa Pasha Mosque, Jaferiae and the impressive Ulu mosque built in 1179. From that moment Ulu was reconstructed 5 times and only the central nave and the wall facing Mecca with three mihrabs remained from the mosque of the 12th century.
Museums of Erzurum
The ethnographic museum of Turkish and Islamic art exhibits samples of arms, pilgrims' clothing to Mecca, accessories of dervishes and ornaments and handicrafts from obsidian - a mineral extracted 150 km from Erzurum in mines near the city of Oltu.
The exposition of the Museum of Erzurum presents archaeological finds related to different historical periods: ancient Greek ornaments, Roman glass products, old coins.
Palandoken
In 5 km to the south of Erzurum the ski center Palandöken with the trails of different levels of complexity is located. The most favorable time for skiing is from December to May. The zone for active winter recreation is at an altitude of 2200-3100 m above sea level. Pleasant climate and well-developed tourist infrastructure make Palandöken very attractive in the eyes of tourists and sportsmen. The fact that in February 2011 in Erzurum the XXV Winter Universiade was the proof of this.
Author - Gulshat Zakirova Photos of Erzurum (4)