The capital of the largest province of the same name in Eastern Anatolia is 880 km east of Ankara at an altitude of more than 1,700 m above sea level. The name of the city came from the Persian arz and rum, which means "the border of Rome". Through Erzurum, there is a railroad from Anatolia to Iran, built along the path of a shopping caravan route that used to travel here in antiquity.
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How to get there
By plane - The airport of Erzurum is 12 km from the city center to the north-west. There are flights from the following Turkish cities: Istanbul, Ankara, Adana, Antalya, Izmir, Trabzon.
By train from Ankara, Istanbul, Sivas, Kars and Kayseri.
The bus journey from Ankara will take 13 hours, from Istanbul - 19 hours, from Trabzon - 6.
Search for tickets to the city of Ankara (the nearest airport to Erzurum)
A bit from history
Erzurum came under the control of the Ottoman Empire in 1515, and before that time the right To possess the ancient Armenian city of Karin was contested by Byzantines, Arabs, Armenians, Seljuks; The city was renamed Karano, Kalikalo, Feodosiopolis, and then to Arz-al-Rum. In 1829 the Russian army entered the city, later it would happen twice more - in 1878 and 1916. Participant of that first campaign was A.S. Pushkin, who subsequently wrote "Journey to Arzrum during the campaign of 1829."
In the modern history of Turkey, Erzurum is known as the venue for the congress in 1923 with the participation of Kemal Ataturk, which was adopted the doctrine of national borders, which determined the territories now belonging to the Turkish Republic.
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Climate of Erzurum
| Monthly average temperature, ° C | ||||||||||||
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | dec | |
| day | - 6 | - 4 | + 1 | + 10 | + 15 | + 20 | + 25 | + 26 | +22 | + 14 | + 15 | - 2 |
| at night | - 16 | - 15 | - 7 | + 0 | +3 | + 6 | + 10 | + 9 | + 4 | + 0 | - 5 | - 11 |
The climate is continental with large fluctuations in daily temperature. Erzurum, high above the sea level, is one of the coldest cities in Turkey.
Clearly + 3 ° С afternoon -4 ° C at night ° C water |
Cloudy, light rain + 4 ° C in the afternoon - 5 ° C at night ° C water |
Cloudy, light rain + 3 ° С in the afternoon - 6 ° C at night ° C water |
| Erzurum weather forecast for 10 days | ||
Erzurum's entertainment, excursions and attractions
Fortress
Stunning views and the city and surroundings are opened from the walls of the city citadel. The inner fortress was built at the beginning of the 5th century at an altitude of almost 2000 m above sea level. In the fortress a small mosque of the 12th century with a conical roof and a clock tower of a minaret (the beginning of the 12th century) were preserved, the clock for which was presented by Queen Victoria.
Minaret of the madrasah
Erzurum is one of the largest educational institutions in Anatolia - minarels of madrasah (XIII century). By its name, the madrassah is obliged to two twin minarets (a cipher in the first from the Turkish "twins"). On the territory of the spiritual school there was a place for a small mosque, rooms for pupils and a mausoleum, which probably belonged to the daughter of Sultan Keykubad I.
Ulu Mosque
Erzurum Central Street - Jumhuriyet - most of the city's attractions are concentrated on it, including the Lala Mustafa Pasha Mosque, the Japheree and the Ulu Mosque of impressive size, built in 1179. Since that moment Ulu was reconstructed 5 times and only the central nave and the wall facing Mecca with three mihrabs were preserved from the mosque of the 12th century
Museums of Erzurum
In the ethnographic museum of the Turkish and Islamic art exhibited samples of weapons, clothing pilgrims to Mecca, accessories dervishes and jewelry and handmade crafts of obsidian - a mineral that is mined 150 km from Erzurum in mines near the city of Oltu.
In the exposition of the Museum of Erzurum archaeological finds dating from different historical periods: ancient Greek ornaments, Roman glass products, old coins
Palandoken
5 km south of Erzurum is the Palandöken ski center with trails of different levels of complexity . The most favorable time for skiing is from December to May. The zone for active winter recreation is at an altitude of 2200-3100 m above sea level. Pleasant climate and well-developed tourist infrastructure make Palandöken very attractive in the eyes of tourists and sportsmen. This is confirmed by the fact that the XXV Winter Universiade was held in Erzurum in February 2011.
Author - Gulshat Zakirova Photo of Erzurum (4)