Moscow is capital of Russia; The remaining epithets, in comparison with this, fade away .No matter how trite it sounds, Moscow is a city of contrasts .This is the "third Rome", and the "big village", and "non-retro", a place for the elite and for everyone .Moscow - it's Sodom and Gomorrah in one bottle and the orderly silence of almost completely village lanes Zamoskvorechye ,bristling with sharp glass faces of Moscow City and incomprehensibly as preserved wooden huts with clypees in dead ends of China-city ,record on "Bentley" for a year ahead and beggars at the gate "Novodevichki" ,unusually cold winters and, again, the unusually hot summer ,"Our answer to Chamberlain" is a state-of-the-art innovation center Skolkovo and protected forests just a couple of dozen kilometers from the Kremlin ... in a word ,for every reality of Moscow life there will certainly be a proverbial contrast
As for the sights of Moscow, their exact list can not be reproduced by any most patriotic Muscovite or art critic .The number of museums and monuments is simply indecent, and a lifetime is not enough to examine them all .To this should be added the numerous exhibitions of masters of tempera and marble, with an enviable regularity coming to us from the world's leading storages, theaters and concert halls, on which the best singers, dancers, musicians and actors of the planet, and large-scale festivals - from bell ringing to beer .
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How to get to Moscow
By air
This is how arrivals to the capital's intourist community and residents of more or less remote corners of the country .Around Moscow, at different distances there are four passenger airports: Bykovo, Vnukovo, Domodedovo and Sheremetyevo .The last two are the largest and most popular ones, most of them are international flights, and from Vnukovo and Bykovo, the boards of domestic airlines carry honest people across Russia .All airports are conveniently connected to the capital by public transport: Aeroexpress shuttles, buses and shuttles .
By train
From nine stations in Moscow, rails run to all the cities and scales of our vast - from Kaliningrad and the White Sea to the Caucasus and the Far East .By the way, by rail to the capital you can arrive not only from cities of Russia, but also from near and far abroad: Minsk, Kiev, Riga, Warsaw, Prague, Vienna, Milan, Paris and Nice .Tariffs for overseas trips are rather big: a trip from Nice to Moscow, for example, will cost around 500 EUR, but romance is more than enough .Moscow stations are conveniently located in the city center, in the immediate vicinity of the metro stations .
By bus
An extensive network of intercity and international bus routes connects Moscow with any more or less significant settlements of Russia and the world - from Serpukhov and Klin to St. Petersburg, Samara and t .P.Very popular bus trips "to the nearest neighbors" - to the cities of Ukraine and Belarus; Longer trips are also in demand - to Chisinau, Bucharest, Budapest, Berlin and t .e .A sad period of transport history of the Moscow region, when a bus trip to, say, Noginsk needed to prepare mentally (the broken Icarus, the smell of gasoline in the cabin, the crushed seats ...) happily sank into oblivion - the current buses are clean, comfortable and air-conditioned, so Today, such travel can safely even be mentally weak, easily cradled and other sensitive categories of citizens .
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Moscow climate
Overcast, light rain +2 ° C in the afternoon +1 ° C at night ° С water |
Mainly cloudy 0 ° C in the afternoon 0 ° C at night ° С water |
Mainly cloudy +2 ° C in the afternoon -3 ° C at night ° С water |
| The weather in Moscow for 10 days | ||
The climate in Moscow is moderately continental: there are no severe frosts or excessive heat in the capital, however deviations from the norms are quite frequent .In December, there are long thaws, and the summer heat can be replaced by a sharp cooling and prolonged rains .On the average, the plus temperature is held in Moscow for 194 days, the minus one for 103 days, from which one would like to make an optimistic conclusion that the weather in the capital is mostly favorable .The average January temperature in the last 30 years is -6.5 ° C, the average July temperature is +19.2 ° C .The absolute heat record was recorded in all respects the fiery summer of 2010: +38, 2 ° C; but fierce frosts did not fall on the capital for a long time - since 1940, when the thermometer dropped to -42, 2 ° C .There are probably no specific features of the Moscow climate, except that the summer heat is absolutely unbearable within the Garden Ring (due to automobile exhausts and reflection of scorching beams from asphalt and buildings); However, strong winds and dank moisture are also not observed .On the eve of the winter, let us recall: beware of ice and icicles!
| Average monthly temperature, ° C | ||||||||||||
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | sen | Oct | but I | Dec | |
| in the afternoon | -6 | -4 | +1@@ | +10 | +18 | +21 | +23 | +21 | +15 | +8 | +1@@ | -3 |
| at night | -12 | -eleven | -5 | +1@@ | +7 | +11 | +13 | +12 | +7 | +2 | -3 | -8 |
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Transport in the city
Public transport in Moscow is "land": buses, trams, trolleybuses and minibuses of all kinds and "subway" - the metro. The invention of the last "mirror" years for those who go down to the underground status does not allow the status, and get on the car does not allow nerves - air taxi - while in the capital did not get used (landing sites can be built not on each roof, and security is lame), and on the contrary, it works successfully between the cities of the Moscow and adjacent regions. The fare is from 160 RUR for 1 km of the way.
Metro
Metro - the most practical form of transport in a megalopolis .Trains run like hours, and traffic intervals are usually 1, 5-3 minutes in the daytime and 4-5 minutes in the early morning and late evening .In each wagon and at the stations there is a detailed metro scheme .Working hours: from 5:30 to 1:30, but after an hour only works on the exit; the transfer from line to line closes at 1:00 .During rush hours, a moderate crush is possible - without self-mutilation, but rather unpleasant (especially in transitions from / to the ring line and trains on popular destinations) .At each metro station there are cash desks, where you can buy a magnetic card designed for 1 - 20 trips .The fare on the metro: 1 trip - 40 RUR, 5 trips - 160 RUR, 10 trips - 320 RUR, 20 trips - 540 RUR, 60 trips - 1300 RUR .The repercussions of overland transportation life - traffic jams and parking difficulties, as well as the beauty of the Moscow metro, suggest that this is the best and fastest way to get from point A to point B .
Buses, trolleybuses, trams
Ground transportation usually works from 5:30 to 1:00 .Buses, trolleybuses and trams have certain routes and can be considered reliable modes of transport .Standard inconveniences when moving by trolley buses are cars parked along the way, on trams - breakdown of the train, which causes the whole line to get up, buses - traffic jams .The payment is made by transport coupons, which you can buy in the subway, at the bus stops or directly from the driver .The entrance is made through the front door (at the entrance you need to "roll" the coupon through the turnstile-validator), the exit - through all the rest .The fare on land transport: for 1 trip - 28 RUR from the driver, at the stop ~ 24 RUR .There are also coupons for 10 and 20 trips and travel for a month for one or all types of "land" .
Routes
The second most popular transport (especially on the outskirts of the city) is a fixed-route taxi, represented by domestic and imported minibuses for 9-20 seats .Marshrutki run on certain routes, usually coinciding with the trajectory of the municipal transport .Log in and out can be at any point of the route (not necessarily only at the stops) - for this purpose it is enough to wave an approaching transport or, accordingly, loudly announce in the cabin the desired landing point .The fare from 18 to 35 RUR, the money is transferred to the driver through a "live" chain .
Taxi
Taxi in Moscow can be ordered by phone (more expensive and safer), or at your own risk and catch the "privateer", raising his hand. Official taxis, as a rule, are represented by new cars of decent models - from "Volga" to inexpensive foreign cars; there is a demand for status cars. Private drivers carry on anything - from those who have seen kinds of "kopecks" (more often) to, for fun, "Lexus" and "BMW" (less often). It should be ready for the question: "Will you show the path?" "In general, as in any country in the world," private traders "in Moscow are more reasonable to avoid.
Shopping and shopping in Moscow
Moscow is a shopping mecca. Everything sold here that absolutely can be claimed by a person, from a penny-junk production of underground Vietnamese shops to oceanic yachts, is sold here, and there is no such thing that would not find its buyer.
For foreign visitors of the capital, traditional products of folk crafts are traditionally interesting, for which the Russian land is extremely rich, photo albums and books on art, famous brands (Imperial porcelain, chocolate "Red October" and t .P.), as well as everything related to the era of the USSR and the unique Russian way of life .Popular purchases "with a Russian face" - dolls, caskets and other items with a varnish miniature Fedoskino, Palekh, Mstyory and Kholui, Pavlovsky Posad shawls, Zhostovo painted trays, gzhel, Khokhloma, Vologda lace products, Orenburg downy shawls, crystal Gus-Khrustalny, Rostov enamel, carved bone of Chukotka and Kholmogory, Tula samovars and knives, wooden and ceramic folk toys, silvering of Veliky Ustyug and much, much more .We also mention "delicious" souvenirs, of which the first place is shared by Russian vodka, black and red caviar and noble fish, as well as pickles, jams, mushrooms, berries for those who understand .
In Moscow, there are three main places where you can buy all this: specialized souvenir shops and collapses on Arbat Street, the Vernisazh market in Izmailovo and the Lookout on Vorobyovy Gory. In addition, each museum is guaranteed to find a store with a small assortment of "souvenirs."
Shopping without an emphasis on "Rus smells" can be done in department stores, shopping centers and all sorts of malls - shopping and entertainment cities, designed for strong legs, the availability of free time and, preferably, tight wallets .A variety of shopping centers in Moscow more than two hundred - from the chamber "Actor Gallery" to the bonnetny GUM and TSUM, the popular "Atrium" and "European" and mastodons of the retail "Megi" and "Ashana" .They are located everywhere - and in the heart of the city, and within the Garden Ring, and on the outskirts of Moscow .The assortment can be shortly denoted by the word "all" .More details on where to quickly help get rid of the throbbing of the thighs of bills, read on the page Shopping malls in Moscow .
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Kitchen and restaurants
Just as you can "stumble" in Moscow at any thickness of your wallet, the Muscovites and guests of the capital are not guaranteed to be hungry by the .From multinational fast food on the move to pompous restaurants with the chairs of General Popov and a monstrous number of zeros on the menu - Moscow public catering is diverse, accessible and everywhere .The choice of location depends on gastronomic preferences and budget .In general, fast food and democratic coffee houses can be found around every corner, decent restaurants - in decent areas, decent institutions are huddled closer to the center, and unique and unique ones almost conquer the square at the historical sights of the heart of the capital .Read more at the cafe and restaurants in Moscow .
A quick snack can be advised in Kroshka-Kartoshka, Teremka (pancakes), Rickshaw Ivan (Chinese cuisine), Star-Dogs, Rostik's, Sbarro, the ubiquitous McDonald's and the American bar and grill ."Zamor worm" will cost 150-300 RUR, a hearty lunch - at 400-600 RUR .Recently, Muscovites have become addicted to Japanese cuisine - sushi restaurants of all kinds are easy to find even in the most remote areas of the city .Here and there magical institutions have been preserved in Moscow under the signs "Sandwich", "Pelmennaya", "Rumochka" and "Vodka" - they serve dishes and beverages of the Soviet era and in the socialist entourage .Another famous among the nostalgic places is the Zhiguli beer restaurant on Novy Arbat .To catch a business lunch or to meet with friends, you can in popular network coffee houses - Coffee House, Chocolate House, Starbucks, as well as in a variety of single institutions - everywhere a pleasant interior, cozy atmosphere and reasonable prices .The cost of coffee - from 180 to 300 RUR, baking to it - 100-250 RUR .Well, in the evening, it's not a sin to look into one of the numerous Moscow bars .
Restaurants designed for medium and high income consumers, offer Muscovites almost any of the known kitchens on the planet - except, perhaps, quite exotic, with fried worms and rotten fish on the menu .The most popular European with local varieties (French, Italian and t .e .), Middle Eastern, Japanese, Thai and friendly to us Georgian, Uzbek, Ukrainian and Russian .The range of prices is difficult to determine, but in general a lunch for two with wine in not the most chic but worthy place will cost 2500-4000 RUR .Conceptual institutions such as Cafe Pushkin, Casta Diva, Les Menus and the like assess the skill of their chefs at 6000-8000 RUR (lunch for two persons) .
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Entertainment, excursions and sights of Moscow
We risk the recurrence, but to compile a more or less complete list of noteworthy sights of Moscow is beyond the power of the most enthusiastic Muscovite .Here is just the tip of the iceberg (in order of attractiveness for foreign tourists): The Moscow Kremlin and all the historical ,religious and cultural monuments on its territory ,including the famous treasuries of the Armory Chamber and the Diamond Foundation ,dazzling even the familiar to the luxury of metropolitan residents ,Red Square,St. Basil's Cathedral,Historical Museum,Mausoleum and GUM ,Alexander Garden,brilliant Bolshoi Theater ,Tverskaya street,its areas and monuments ,Cathedral of Christ the Savior ,Pushkin Museum and the Tretyakov Gallery ,old and Novy Arbat ,The Boulevard Ring and the most beautiful Moscow Metro
Moscow monasteries deserve special mention: Novodevichy, Donskoy, Danilov, Zaikonospassky, Pokrovsky, Marfo-Mariinsky Convent and numerous provincial beautiful churches and temples .Capital city of Moscow can boast of magnificent old parks, well-kept gardens and quiet manors, stunningly beautiful palaces, "fluffy" fountains and monuments to the glory of the geniuses of the world .In Moscow, there are museums and reserves with an impressive territory of several dozen acres, the most popular are Kolomenskoye, Tsaritsyno and Kuskovo .Finally, even baths in the capital - more than a bath: who has not heard of the 200-year-old Sandunas, on whose marble poles the best minds of Russia have been sweating .
To view the maximum of the above, we advise you to join an organized tour - the travel agencies offer a variety of programs, lasting from several hours (sightseeing bus tour around the city center) to several days (Moscow and surroundings).
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Events and festivals
It would be strange to assume that with such a wealth, literally wallowing on the guests of the capital from all sides, the entertainment industry in Moscow is limping .We will assure you: it blossoms, and it's a magnificent color! At any time of the year, opening a consolidated poster of the Moscow events, we will inevitably come across a couple of high-profile names of foreign maestros, portraits of touring pop celebrities and a dozen bizarre names for those who are in the subject .Moscow's concert halls every evening open the gilded doors - and here's a presentation for every taste: Rossini's sweet grace and Wagner's ice power, Matsuev's piano flutter and Bashmet's melancholy-thoughtful alto, the languid aspirations of the dark-skinned divas and bare navels of tabloid blondes, Irish jigs and full of undiscovered passion movements of flamenco baylains .
A similar flourishing is also observed in the festival environment: the biggest Easter festival with the choral and ringing weeks attracting constant attention of the public, the festival of light and the festival of Japanese animation, the festival of honey and the festival of beer, male striptease and jazz, cinema and brass bands, children's creativity, science, languages ... Let us sum up all of the above: come to Moscow - you will not be bored here for sure!
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Photos of Moscow (699)