The Tatar city of Bolgar, located on the left bank of the Volga, was named in 1991 in honor of the capital of the Volga Bulgaria, one of the early state associations of Eastern Europe, located in ancient times on this site. . The ancient town of the ancient Bolgar is located near the modern city and is a historical monument of special importance . The cultural heritage is protected by the Bulgarian State Historical and Architectural Museum-Reserve, created on the basis of the ancient settlement, to get acquainted with the history of ancient Bulgaria, to admire the preserved monuments of architecture and archeology, to visit the existing church and even drink water from the curative spring .
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How to get there
Bolgar is located 180 km from Kazan, the capital of the Republic of Tatarstan. From the Southern Bus Station to Kazan buses leave, and during navigation you can get to the "Meteor" from the river port.
Search for tickets to the city of Kazan (the nearest a / p to Bolgar)
A bit of history of the ancient city of Bolgar
The Bolgar, which arose at the beginning of the tenth century, reached its heyday at the turn of the 12th-13th centuries, but its development was temporarily interrupted by the Mongol invasion. But already in the second half of the XIV century, surrounded by an earthen rampart and oak walls, the Bulgar turned into one of the largest cities in Europe, it was inhabited by more than 50 thousand people. In the Russian chronicles the city is called the Great Bolgar, and in the eastern - the Golden Throne.
Improvement in the "Open South" program.
Excursion tours for children and adults.
Architectural and archeological monuments
Architectural objects of the reserve are unique, since they indicate the disappeared states of the Volga Bulgaria and the Golden Horde, and also remain the most northern monument in the world of medieval Muslim architecture and the only example of the Bulgaro-Tatar architecture of the middle XIII-XIV centuries
- Cathedral mosque, XIII century. The only surviving religious structure of the early Golden Horde period. The mosque towered high above the surrounding buildings and could easily be seen from the water. The majestic structure was designed to demonstrate the power of the state and the greatness of Islam. To the north wall of the Cathedral Mosque there is a ledge - this is the foundation of the Great Minaret, which has not survived until our days.
- The northern mausoleum, the XIV century, was built over the burials of noble people. Also known under the name "Monastic cellar", as it was used to store food. Today, the exhibition of Bulgarian epigraphic monuments is functioning in the mausoleum.
- Eastern Mausoleum, XIV century. The burial vault of the Bulgarian nobility, the most fully preserved monument of Bulgarian architecture. At the beginning of the XVIII century the mausoleum was rebuilt and used as a church. The exposition inside the building on the example of the archeological excavation tells the story of the fortification from the 11th century up to now.
- The Church of the Assumption, the 18th century. The church built in the Islamic region clearly demonstrates the traces of the policy of Russification carried out by the tsarist government. Now in the former church there is a museum in which the evidence of material culture found during archaeological excavations has been collected, the life of Bulgarians: dishes, tools of artisans, jewelry.
- Small minaret and Khansky tomb, XIV century. The surviving buildings were part of many tombs, memorial mosques located on the territory of the "Khan Cemetery". According to the legend, at this place are buried the Sahibs - the first preachers of Islam on the Bulgarian land.
- The White Chamber - ruins of the bathhouse of the XIV century. In the East, tidiness is considered synonymous with virtue, so bathhouses have always played an important role in public life. The halls at the baths often acted as a place for meetings, talks, public appearances. For a woman, the bathhouse was the only place where she could meet her friends and spend time in idle conversations.
- The Black Chamber, the XIV century, is the most well-preserved monument of Bulgarian architecture. The exact purpose of it is still unknown. Some researchers believe that there was a court in this building, others a mosque or a madrassa, and a third argue that cells and a spacious prayer hall were intended for wandering dervishes.
- Small Gorodok - an architectural complex of the 13th-14th centuries, fortifications. There is no common opinion about its destination.
- Ruins of the Khan's Bath, XIII century, one of the earliest stone buildings on the hillfort. The Khan's bathhouse was in close proximity to the Khan's Palace and not far from the city center.
Attractions outside the settlement
Behind the city wall, on the bank of the Volga is the Gabdrakhman Well - a place of pilgrimage for Muslims. According to legend, this source arose from the impact of the Sahib Gabdrakhman by the staff on the ground and the healing water healed the Khan's daughter. The amazed Khan converted to Islam. And today the water from the spring is considered curative. Its official name is the Captain's Well, in honor of the explorer of the region in the 18th century. N. Rychkova,
To the west of the site there are several shallow lakes. The most picturesque of them is Lake Rabigi. According to legend, the daughter of the Bulgarian Khan Rabig and her friends gathered at night in a clearing, led dances and turned into white swans. Once in one of them hit the arrow of the khan who went hunting. Seeing his daughter with an arrow in his chest, the Khan wept all night and the lake formed from his tears the next day
The Museum of Bread
One of the first objects of the project to revive the Bolgar was the unique bread museum . His visitors will have the opportunity to participate in all technological chain of cultivation and processing of grain . And this means that we will have to collect the ears of our own grain, grind them, grind flour from them and then start to bake bread . The life of the ancient Bulgars, the miller's house, the barn are built on the territory of the museum , a rig, a bakery, a smithy, buildings for keeping pets, a well with a crane and, most importantly, a real wooden mill with a wingspan of 15 meters . (As of June 2011, the complex was almost completed but not yet open .)
Practical information
The museum-preserve works from 8.00 to 17.00, weekends: Saturday, Sunday (until April 1), from April 1 until the end of the tourist season - every day.
"Bulgarian hillfort - an open-air museum" - pedestrian with the use of a bus, duration 3 hours;
"Bulgarian Orthodox" - the excursion includes a visit to the Holy Abrahamic Church and the source of Saint Abrahamia , pedestrian using a bus, 4 hoursAuthor - Gulshat Zakirova Photo of the Bulgarian (13)