The history of San Marino begins with the legend of Saint Marino, who fled from 298-300 from the picturesque Dalmatia (now Rab Island in Croatia) from religious persecution. After working for a while on the site of the present Rimini as a stone quarry, he first opened the quarries on Mount Titano (Monte Titano), where he later built himself a small cell, wishing to retire from the world.
The glory of his holy life began to attract mountain of many pilgrims who built their homes around the cell of St. Marino, thereby forming a small mountain monastery. Named after its founder, Saint Marino (in Italy, San Marino), this monastery gained complete independence and political independence at the end of the 6th century
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The Middle Ages
For many centuries powerful walls This monastery defended the rights and freedom of its inhabitants. It is known that in 951 in San Marino the Duke Berengar II sheltered from Emperor Otto. Then the strengthened ramparts of the commune more than once coped with the raids of the Magyars and the Saracens.
In the 13th century the commune replaced the power of the people's congress with the General Council. Around the same time, San Marino was expanding its holdings with might and main, acquiring small plots of land from neighbors. Thus it was trapped between the warring neighbors: the possessions of the Counts of Montefeltro (San Leo), who were supporters of the Ghibellines, and Rimini, who stood for the Guelphs. Having made his choice in alliance with the counts of Montefeltro, San Marino was cursed by Pope Innocent IV.
Later Middle Ages
Since then, the Pope's dislike for this monastery has repeatedly led to fruitless attempts to capture San Marino . Perhaps the greatest the republic was exposed during the reign of Rimini Malatesta . In order to avoid the deplorable fate, San Marino had to conclude an agreement with Alfonso V of Aragon, King of Naples . It was thanks to this coalition that the republic managed to capture the castle of Fiorentino belonging to the Malatest e, which has since been listed as San Marino . The villages of Serravalle, Faetano and Montegiardino joined the monastery in 1462 after Pope Pius II resorted to the help of San Marino in his war against Malatesta .
Renaissance in the history of San Marino
In the 16th century the popes also tried several times to capture San Marino, however, unsuccessfully. In 1543, an army of 500 people thought to break into the city at night, but lost their way in the gorges of Mount Titano. The day of this bloodless victory is still celebrated in the republic.
On October 8, 1600 San Marino adopted the constitution.
In 1631 Pope Urban VIII recognized the independence of the republic and granted it freedom from customs duties, however due to the fact that San Marino provided fugitives from the lands of the Pope's asylum, clashes between them arose more than once.
New time
San Marino survived even in the era of revolutionary wars, Napoleon I offered him a friendly union, also did not touch the republic and the Viennese congress . Not surprisingly, San Marino has become the favorite refuge of political emigrants since 1831.
Due to the fact that San Marino stood apart from the civil strife that lasted in Italy in 1859-1860, the republic survived during the unification and in 1862 concluded a treaty of good neighborhood
San Marino in modern times and today
In the years of the First World Republic, San Marino was an ally of the Entente, and in the Second World declared its neutrality, which, however, did not save her from a two-week occupation . In 1951, San Marino was thinking of opening a large casino, building a powerful television and radio station, but Italy protested and declared the San Marino blockade. So the miniature state had to give in.
Since 1956 San Marino has been granted the status of a free economic zone with a low level of taxation. And since July 2008, the historic center of the same capital with the mountain Monte Titano was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.